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Essay on Why the Federal Government Must Abolish the Death...

The federal government has an obligation to make just laws. Currently, US laws allow for the death penalty for certain heinous crimes. The supporters argue that the 5th Amendment, which guarantees that no one shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law,† implies that depriving someone of his or her life is permissible under the constitution as long as there is due process. However, there are several reasons why the federal government must abolish the death penalty - it weakens US moral authority over other nations; there have been too many wrongful convictions for death penalty in the US; the death penalty is in conflict with the 8th amendment of the US constitution; and finally, the cost of death penalty†¦show more content†¦The death penalty is a major barrier to negotiating an extradition treaty with a nation that does not support it. There are instances when other countries have refused extradition even when US has an extradition tre aty with them (http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org). Clearly, it is detrimental for the US to continue to use the death penalty. In the last several years, too many people in the United States have been wrongfully sentenced with the death penalty. Several accused have their sentence overturned or they have been totally exonerated. There are at least 8 people who were executed by United States and later proven innocent (http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org). Over a 20 year period, 68% of all death sentences were reversed (http://karisable.com). A noteworthy example is of Jerry Banks who was convicted and sentenced with the death penalty for two counts of murder in 1975. Five years later, in 1980, Banks conviction was overturned on the basis of newly discovered evidence which was allegedly known to the state at the time of trial. Another example was the case of Lawyer Johnson who was sentenced to death in 1971 by an all white jury for the murder of a white victim. Later in 1982, Johnson†™s conviction was overturned and Johnson exonerated when a previously silent eyewitness identified the state’s chief witness as the real murderer. (http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org) Human error is inevitable, particularlyShow MoreRelatedEssay on A Call for Change: Abolishing the Death Penalty1728 Words   |  7 Pagesimproving; therefore, a change must occur to keep enhancing humanity. One change must be capital punishment. The United States’ government must stop trying to preclude murder by committing murder and the ultimate punishment should be prison for life with no chance of parole. In 2010, 558 citizens in the state of Georgia were murdered (â€Å"Crime in United States.†), and two Georgian civilians were put to death by our government (â€Å"Execution List†). Capital punishment results in the death of an American citizen;Read MoreThe Death Penalty Should Not Be Legal1573 Words   |  7 PagesThere are many legal issues that come along with the death penalty. Ratified on December 15, 1791, The United States Bill of Rights states in its eight amendment, â€Å"Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.† (8th Amendment to the Constitution). The Supreme Court stated during the 1958 case of Trop v. Dulles, that the 8th amendment must draw its meaning from the evolving standards of decency that mark the progress of a maturingRead MoreDeath to the Death Penalty1025 Words   |  5 Pagesany other human being, and this is where the nations that apply the death penalty are faili ng (Source 1). The death penalty or capital punishment is a legal process in which a person is executed as a punishment for committing a crime. It is still used in over 50 nations worldwide. Centuries before the Universal Declaration of Human Rights existed, important civilizations such as the Mesopotamian, Greek, and Roman Empires used death to punish criminals for their actions. It was such an important issueRead MoreCapital Punishment Should Be Abolished1439 Words   |  6 Pagesanswer is the death penalty. Do we as civilized progressive Americans want to have anything common or affiliated with these countries. Countries that are in constant war and turmoil. Death penalty is dead wrong It s time to outlaw capital punishment in America completely. We are meant to be better and bigger than this then why do w still have this barbaric law in practice it is inhumane, morally wrong and expensive. In my paper I will try to cover the taboo topic of capital punishment and why it shouldRead MoreEssay on Death Penalty1584 Words   |  7 Pagescontroversial topics in America today is the death penalty. Four thousands of years the death penalty has been used all over the world. In the earlier centuries the townsmen would hang people if they were accused as being a witch, but they were not witches at all. They merely knew a little more information than the next person. They were wrongly accused, and that is why I see the death penalty as immoral, unethical and just wrong! People were put to death for no reason; they were accused because thereRead MoreCapital Punishment Should Be Eliminated1679 Words   |  7 Pagesthe country, the death penalty was a more viable solution than it appears today due to the quality of the prisons, which couldn’t sustain prisoners long-term. (Von Drehle, 2015). Today, this is not an issue with prisons that are provided both by the state and federal governments and that are fully capable of holding offenders throughout the length of a life sentence (Von Drehle, 2015). However, many will argue that capital punishment should be eliminated. Foes of the death penalty are split into twoRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is A Form Of Execution1269 Words   |  6 PagesI. Introduction The death penalty is a form of execution used in the United States. The federal death penalty can be used in any state or territory of the U.S. even in states that do not have it. There are currently 32 states including North Carolina that have the death penalty. Its purpose was to deter crime from happening. Therefore, creating a safer environment. Unfortunately this has not been the case. The death penalty has claimed innocent lives, ruined lives, is issued at random unfairlyRead MorePersuassive Essay Against the Death Penalty1196 Words   |  5 Pagesalternative for punishing a criminal. Where does the hostility and ignorance stop once it begins? Murder is unaccepted by society, yet people seem to pacify themselves by killing criminals. Is that not considered to be murder? Sentencing a criminal to death does not solve the questions and problems that are left behind. Parents will still cry for a child that is never coming home. Mourning families will still carry a never-ending h eartache, and the criminal no longer has to pay for the consequences ofRead MoreCapital Punishment : The Death Penalty1482 Words   |  6 Pagesconcluded the death penalty is wrong because it lowers us all; it is a surrender to the worst that is in us; it uses a power- the official power to kill by execution- that has never brought back a life, need inspired anything but hate. (Cuomo 1) This is one of the main arguments against capital punishment (also known as the death sentence.) Capital punishment is the ability for a government to execute a person who has committed a crime. People that agree with using the death penalty, will argue thatRead More Capital Punishment Is Wrong Essay2471 Words   |  10 Pagesexecution, capital punishment is seen as inhumane, wrong and an unusual punishment. The death penalty is greatly rejected and discouraged by many countries and states. There are more than one hundred countries who have abolished the death penalty in law or practice, while the United States has increased the rate of executions and the number of crimes that are punishable by death (The Death Penalty†¦2000). Many politicians claim that they are tough on crimes, but they should spend ninety

Sojourner Truth Essay Free Essays

Sojourner Truth was born in 1797 on the Colonel Johannes Hardenbergh estate in Swartekill, in Ulster County, a Dutch settlement in upstate New York. Her given name was Isabella Baumfree, also spelled Bomefree. She was one of 13 children born to Elizabeth and James Baumfree, also slaves on the Hardenbergh plantation. We will write a custom essay sample on Sojourner Truth Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now She spoke only Dutch until she was sold from her family around the age of nine. Isabella suffered very cruel treatment once her first master died and she was sold to her next master, John Neely. Neely’s wife and family only spoke English and beat Isabella fiercely for the frequent miscommunications. She learned to speak English quickly, but she still had her Dutch accent. She later spoke up and said that Neely once whipped her with â€Å"a bundle of rods, prepared in the embers, and bound together with cords. † During this time that she began praying aloud when she became scared or hurt. In 1815, she fell in love with a slave named Robert. Robert’s owner forbade the relationship because he did not want his slave having children with a slave he did not own. One night Robert visited Isabella, but was followed by his owner and son, who beat him savagely, bruising and mangling his head and face, and dragged him away. She never got to see him again. Isabella had a daughter shortly thereafter, named Diana. In 1817, she was forced to marry an older slave named Thomas. They had four children: Peter, James, who died young, Elizabeth, and Sophia. In 1799, the state of New York began to legislate the gradual abolition of slaves, which was supposed to happen July 4, 1827. Dumont had promised Isabella freedom a year before the state emancipation if she would do well and be faithful. However, he reneged on his promise. She continued working until she felt she had done enough to satisfy her sense of obligation to him. She then escaped with her infant daughter, Sophia. Isabella went the home of Isaac and Maria Van Wagenen. Dumont found her and demanded her to go back. When she refused he threatened to take her baby. Isaac offered to buy her services for the remainder of the year. Dumont accepted his offer for $20. Isaac and Maria insisted Isabella not call them â€Å"master† and â€Å"mistress,† but by their names. Once Isabella heard about her son she immediately set to work retrieving her young son Peter. He had recently been sold illegally to a slave holder in Alabama. She took it to the court and won. She was one of the first African Americans to win a court case. Isabella had a life-changing religious experience and became inspired to preach. In 1829, she left Ulster County and became known as a remarkable preacher, whose influence was miraculous. She soon met Elijah Pierson, a religious reformer who advocated strict adherence to Old Testament laws for salvation. In 1834, Pierson had died and the Folger family accused Isabella of stealing their money and poisoning Elijah. Everything was eventually acquitted. Isabella settled in New York City, but she had lost what savings and possessions she had. She resolved to leave and make her way as a traveling preacher. On June 1, 1843, she changed her name to Sojourner Truth. She traveled, depending on the kindness of strangers. She began dictating her memoirs to Olive Gilbert. The Narrative of Sojourner Truth: A Northern Slave was published privately by William Lloyd Garrison in 1850. It gave her an income and increased her speaking engagements. She spoke about anti-slavery and women’s rights, often giving personal testimony about her experiences as a slave. That same year, 1850, Benson’s cotton mill failed and he left Northampton. In 1854, at the Ohio Woman’s Rights Convention in Akron, Ohio, she gave her most famous speech, with the legendary phrase, â€Å"Ain’t I a Woman? † During the Civil War, she spoke on the Union’s behalf, as well as for enlisting black troops for the cause and freeing slaves. In 1864, she worked among freed slaves at a government refugee camp on an island in Virginia and was employed by the National Freedman’s Relief Association in Washington, D. C. She also met President Abraham Lincoln in October. In 1863, Harriet Beecher Stowe’s article â€Å"The Libyan Sibyl† appeared in the Atlantic Monthly; a romanticized description of Sojourner. In 1870, she began campaigning for the federal government to provide former slaves with land. She pursued this for seven years. In 1874, she developed ulcers on her leg. She was successfully treated by Dr. Orville Guiteau, veterinarian, but had to return home due to illness once more. She did toured as much as she could, still campaigning for free land for former slaves. In 1879, Sojourner was delighted as many freed slaves began migrating west and north on their own. She spent a year helping refugees and speaking in white and black churches trying to gain support for the â€Å"Exodusters† as they tried to build new lives for themselves. This was her last mission. In July of 1883, with ulcers on her legs, she sought treatment through Dr. John Harvey Kellogg at his famous Battle Creek Sanitarium. It is said he grafted some of his own skin onto her leg. Sojourner returned home and died there on November 26, 1883, at 86 years old. She was buried in Oak Hill Cemetery next to her grandson. WORK CITIED Pauli, Hertha Ernestine. Her Name Was Sojourner Truth. NY: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1962. Slave Narratives. NY: Library of America, 2000. Stetson, Erlene, and Linda David. Glorying in Tribulation: The Lifework of Sojourner Truth. East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University Press, 1994. http://www. biography. com/people/sojourner-truth-9511284 http://www. harpyness. com/2009/02/09/honoring-sojourner-truth-1797-1883/ How to cite Sojourner Truth Essay, Essay examples

Impact of Brand Image on Customer Purchasing Behaviour

Question: Describe about the Impact of Brand Image on Customer Purchasing Behaviour . Answer: Introduction The current chapter will focused on proposing the investigation of the impact of brand image on the customer purchasing behaviour. The chapter will be inclined to initiate the research work with a proper research questions as well as research objectives with the relevance of the topic. In addition to that, the chapter will provide a proper background of the study, relevance, justification as well as value of the research. The introduction will therefore immensely help the entire research project. In order to conduct the research Apple has been chosen for further evaluation. Background of the Study In the current business era of 21st century it has been observed that majority of the business entities extensively focus on enhancing their brand image. The current business market is highly competitive so the organizations need to attract the customers with various means. In this context the brand image has been proved to be the most influential form of obtaining customer attention as well as loyalty. According to the traditional sense, the brand image refers to the customers perception of any specific organization. The perception is generally formed by the customers on the basis of categorizing several attributes of any given organization. That is why the organizations attempt to highlight a positive set of business practices so as to impress the customer base (Sashi 2012). Background of the Company Apple is one of the most popular electronics as well as IT companies in the current business world. It has been formed in the year of 1976 with a starting business of computers, associated software and peripherals. Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak were the founder of the company and had a great contribution behind the success of the company. However, in the year of 2001 the company took their entrance in the mobile industry by launching first iPhone. Currently, the company owns the market capital around the amount of $586 billion (Apple.au 2016). Figure 1: Logo of Apple (Source: Apple.au 2016) Relevance to business research In the contemporary business world the organizations faces a great problem regarding the ever-growing competition between several organizations. It has been observed throughout the market that there are various substitute products available of various prices. Therefore, the organizations have perceived a growing need of developing a positive customer perception where their organization is concerned. In order to identify the most appropriate approach of brand image the organizations need to evaluate the factors those highly influence the purchasing behaviour of the customer. Therefore, considering all the facts it can be concluded that the current business research is highly relevant. Justification of the topic In the current competitive market it has successfully attained that the growths of the organizations are highly depended on the customers positive perception regarding the companies business activities. At the same time, customers purchasing style is highly influenced by several factors. Therefore, the investigation on those factors will eventually disclose the working of customer perception. This investigation will be highly crucial for the business growth. Henceforth, the topic is immensely justified regarding the current market scenario. Value of the research The research will be highly helpful for the business units in respect to gaining the necessary understanding on the exact nature of customer perception. The organizations will be benefitted by the research proposal as they can set their business activities according to the research findings. The proper visual on the impact of brand image on the customer purchasing behaviour will also be useful for the future researchers as they can understand the research topic with a greater clarity (Bryman and Bell 2015). Research Questions and Research Objectives Research Questions The research questions are highly influential for paving the pathway of the research work. The research questions are mentioned below What are the aspects of brand image? What are the drivers of customer purchasing behaviour? How does the brand image influence purchasing behaviour of customers? What are the possible ways to enhance the brand image? Research Objectives The research objectives are highly influential for guiding the research with a proper framework and motivation. These objectives are mentioned below To investigate the aspects of brand image To find out the drivers of customer purchasing behaviour To point out the influence of brand image on customer purchasing behaviour To recommend the ways to enhance the brand image Literature Review Brand image A brands image is an intangible, perceived, and qualitative summation of customers combined intellectual and salient values of a brand that has been derived, formulated and experienced by the customers that are associated with the brand. Brand image can be understood as general impression and attitude held by customers about the brand (Aaker 2012). Therefore, brand image is the views held by customers about the brand. It is dependent on unique set of benefits that the brand provides and its overall impression in the minds of the customers. Construction and maintenance of positive brand image is one of the crucial prerequisite of brand management. Development of favourable brand image is dependent on functional, symbolic, or experimental elements of the companys products and services. In short, it can be said that brand image is the customers perception about the products and services that the brand offers (Kapferer 2012). Every successful company takes great caution while positioning its products and services to the target customers as the products and services offered by a company helps in development of brand image. In addition, various marketing and promotional activities undertaken by a company also helps in development of brand image. Brand image is like an identity or character of the brand among the customers and have direct relation with the customer buying behaviour. Brand image is not just a mental image of the brand but also the emotional association of customers with the brand. Therefore, it is important to develop strategies that help in creation of positive image of the brand and an ideal brand image can be one that truly reflects brands (companys) vision and mission (Wu 2013). Brand image is further consists of many elements that helps in creation of brand image such as unique logo design that reflects organizations core value, tagline and slogan that briefly describes organizations offerings, and other supporting brand identifies that helps in creation of desired brand image. It is important to understand that brand image is not created but automatically formed; however, an organization can adopt some strategies to direct the formation of desired brand image in the minds of the customers (Bonk 2015). Customer buying behaviour Customer behaviour consists of a set of activities in which customers possess, consume and dispose products and services. Customer buying behaviour is stage prior to the purchasing decisions in the purchase decision process. In this stage customers perception and attitude plays an important in determining the actual purchase decision. Customers intention of buying a specific brand is determined by assessment of all available brands and customers perception of the competitors brand. While making a purchase decision customers access various criteria such as prices, features, quality, ease of use, past experience with the brand and overall brand image. Therefore, it can be said that brand image plays an important role in influencing customer buying behavior (Malik et al. 2013). Impact of brand image on customers purchasing intentions Brand image plays an important role in customer buying behaviour. As discussed, brand image is the overall impression of the brand in the minds of the customers that have derived from various sources. Promotional strategies adopted by a brand, business practices adopted by the company and customers experience with the brand all helps in development of brand image (Nebenzahl and Jaffe 2013). Customers tend to form various associations with the brand and these associations helps in development of brand image. The brand image is developed on the basis of subjective perceptions of the customers about the company and further determines customers buying behaviour or future association with the brand. Some examples of brand image can be Apple is associated with innovation and quality, Toyota is associated with reliability, and Volvo for its comport and safety. Similarly, every business organization aims at creating favourable brand image in the minds of the customers in order to increase r evenues and long-term sustained business operations (Aaker and Biel 2013). The importance of favourable brand image has assumed greater importance in the present context as customers have become more concerned about the products and services they consume. The underlying principle behind a brand image is that customers are not only buying a product but also the image associated with the brand. Therefore, is important for a company to project brand image that is positive, unique and value oriented. In order to develop a desired brand image the company can employ strategies like advertising, packaging, public relations and other promotional tools (Severi and Ling 2013). The brand image that a company projects or aims to achieve must be such that allows the brand to differentiate itself from competitors and create a competitive advantage for the company. The brand image is associated with symbolic, functional and other benefit attributes that helps the customers to make associations with the brand (Wu et al. 2015). Marketing professionals aims at enhancing the brand image by adopting various marketing strategies to influence customers perception and attitude about the brand in order to stimulate consumers purchasing behaviour of the brand, thereby increasing sales, market share and brand equity. Positive brand image can be established by connecting unique and strong brand association with the customers memories about the brand through marketing campaigns. Customers perception about a brand is formed from five important considerations; first is the functionality of the brand, second, the social image associated with owning the brand, third is customers recognition and emotional attachment with the brand, fourth, the relation between brand value and functionality, and, fifth is the customers trust in the brand (Cheung et al. 2014). Brand image and loyalty With the proliferation of brands in the market, customers make their purchase decision based on brand image rather than on products itself. Moreover, when brand image of a product is consistent with consumers concept of self, customers are more likely to purchase such brands products. Brand image has a significant impact on customer satisfaction and brand loyalty. A positive brand image creates exclusive association of customers with the brand and increases brand loyalty. Gap in study The pervious researches have focussed more on customers emotional associations with the brand in evaluating the brand image, however, as discussed brand image is dependent on many elements such as utility of the product, marketing activities undertaken by companies to enhance brand image, and overall personality of the brand. Therefore, future studies could explore relation between brand image and customer purchase decision in context of organizational strategies of operating in the market. Methodology The research methodology is deeply focused on the selection of appropriate methods for conducting the research. The proper methodology will be highly effective for effective outcome of the research work. Research Design The research designs are the main part of methodologies which will select the proper hypothetical approach of the research work (Zikmund et al. 2013). Research Philosophies There are various different philosophies which are used in the research sector. These research philosophies are Realism, Interpretivism, Pragmatism as well as Post-positivism. Figure 2: Types of Research Philosophy (Source: Blumberg et al. 2014). The research work will be adhered with the post positivism research philosophy. The post positivism attempts to finding out the underlying truth of the research issues. This particular research philosophy is highly depended on the structured method. Moreover, it relies on the logical deduction of the research issue. Therefore, the post positivism research philosophy will be most beneficial for actual impact of brand image on customer purchasing behaviour (Blumberg et al. 2014). Research Approach There are two basic research approaches which are the pillar of any kind of research work. These research approaches are deductive approach and inductive research approach. Figure 3: Types of Research Approach (Source: as created by author) On the one hand, the deductive research approach deals with testing research theories in order to find out its relevance with the current market scenario. On the other hand, the inductive research approach is mostly focused on exploring new theories on any given specific topic. As the current research work is not focused on generating new theories the deductive approach will most suitable for the study. Therefore, the respective research work will select the deductive approach (Hair 2015). Research Strategies There are various strategies which will be highly effective for conducting the research work. First of all the study will define the problem which will help to develop objectives and questions. Then the study will conduct an evaluated data collection program followed by a detailed as well as systematic data analysis and interpretation. Lastly, the study will conclude the outcomes through research conclusion (Eriksson and Kovalainen 2015). Research Choices The study will cater with a high range of graphs, diagrams, charts figures as well as tables which will be most influential for providing the detailed understanding on the current research topic. The information will be synthesized with a five paragraph essay (Wilson 2014). Time Horizon The study will be conducted within 6 months of time limit. The research work will be conducted from 10:00 a.m. to 6.00 p.m. Monday to Friday in every week. The research work will be able to complete the study within this prearranged time duration. Data Collection There are two different kinds of data those are used in the research work. These data are primary data and secondary data. Primary data refers to the fresh data collected from a selected sample. On the other hand, the secondary data refers to the existing data which are collected from various published literature such as books, journal articles as well as newspapers. Both of the data can be classified in two different parts according to the focus of data collection which are quantitative and qualitative (Creswell 2013). Figure 4: Types of Data Collection (Source: Creswell 2013). The research work will collect both primary data as it will immensely help to understand the contemporary perception of the customer. Both of the quantitative as well as qualitative approach will be selected for the data collection. This way the study will gain a detailed understanding on the research findings. The study will conduct survey on 85 customers chosen by probability sampling technique for collecting the quantitative data. Furthermore, the study will conduct interview session on 5 managers of apple chosen by non-probability sampling techniques for obtaining the qualitative data (Saunders and Lewis 2014). Research Ethics Every research work must be conducted with several vital ethical considerations which helps the study to maintain a clear image. The current research work will comply with the Data Protection Act, 1998; that prohibits the breach of sensitive data. Moreover, every participant will be treated with proper respect. The research will not involve any individual without their consent (Deterding et al. 2015). Timescale 1st week (2nd-4th) week (5th-7th) week (8th-10th) week (11th -16th) week (17th -20th)week (21st-23rd) week 24th week 25th week 26th Week Introducing the research issue Review of the Literature Methodology of the Research Data Collection Designs and Techniques Collection of Data Analysis of the Data Conclusion of the entire reserach and Recommendations Proof- Reading Submitting the Draft to Supervisor Printing, Binding as well as Submission (Source: as created by author) Resources The research will be conducted with a reasonable amount of fund. The budget of the research will consider various different research activities. Excel and MS project will be used for the analysis of data. References Aaker, D.A. and Biel, A., 2013.Brand equity advertising: advertising's role in building strong brands. Psychology Press. Aaker, D.A., 2012.Building strong brands. Simon and Schuster. Apple (Australia). (2016). Apple. [online] Available at: https://www.apple.com/au/ [Accessed 19 Jun. 2016]. Blumberg, B.F., Cooper, D.R. and Schindler, P.S., 2014.Business research methods. McGraw-hill education. Bonk, C., 2015. The impact of Apple's communication and French and Finnish consumers' product perceptions: case of the iPhone product. Bryman, A. and Bell, E., 2015.Business research methods. Oxford University Press, USA. Cheung, C.M., Xiao, B.S. and Liu, I.L., 2014. Do actions speak louder than voices? The signaling role of social information cues in influencing consumer purchase decisions.Decision Support Systems,65, pp.50-58. Creswell, J.W., 2013.Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications. Deterding, S., Canossa, A., Harteveld, C., Cooper, S., Nacke, L.E. and Whitson, J.R., 2015, April. Gamifying Research: Strategies, Opportunities, Challenges, Ethics. InProceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems(pp. 2421-2424). ACM. Eriksson, P. and Kovalainen, A., 2015.Qualitative Methods in Business Research: A Practical Guide to Social Research. Sage. Hair, J.F., 2015.Essentials of business research methods. ME Sharpe. Kapferer, J.N., 2012.The new strategic brand management: Advanced insights and strategic thinking. Kogan page publishers. Malik, M.E., Ghafoor, M.M., Iqbal, H.K., Ali, Q., Hunbal, H., Noman, M. and Ahmad, B., 2013. Impact of brand image and advertisement on consumer buying behavior.World Applied Sciences Journal,23(1), pp.117-122. Nebenzahl, I.D. and Jaffe, E.D., 2013. Measuring the joint effect of brand and country image in consumer evaluation of global products.Journal of Marketing Practice: Applied Marketing Science. Sashi, C.M., 2012. Customer engagement, buyer-seller relationships, and social media.Management decision,50(2), pp.253-272. Saunders, M.N. and Lewis, P., 2014.Doing research in business and management: An essential guide to planning your project. Pearson Higher Ed. Severi, E. and Ling, K.C., 2013. The mediating effects of brand association, brand loyalty, brand image and perceived quality on brand equity.Asian Social Science,9(3), p.125. Wilson, J., 2014.Essentials of business research: A guide to doing your research project. Sage. Wu, C.L., 2013. The Research of Brand Image, Experiential Marketing, Customer Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty-Example of Starbucks Coffee. Wu, J., Huang, L., Zhao, J.L. and Hua, Z., 2015. The deeper, the better? Effect of online brand community activity on customer purchase frequency.Information Management,52(7), pp.813-823. Zikmund, W.G., Babin, B.J., Carr, J.C. and Griffin, M., 2013.Business research methods. Cengage Learning.

Biology Lactase Lab Report Example Sample

Biology Lactase Lab Report Example Paper Both plots of data were hen used to find at which concentrations of NP absorption levels, and thus enzyme activity rates, were at their highest across each of the three pH solutions. Based on the results of both experiments, it was found that a pH of 5 is the optimal pH for the productivity of lactate enzyme. INTRODUCTION: Lactate enzyme is used throughout the food industry to break lactose, found in milk, down into the sugars glucose and calaboose. A deficiency in lactate prevents the breakdown of lactose and results in what is called lactose intolerance, which can lead to digestion problems, cramps, and possibly diarrhea upon ingestion of airy products (Phillips). Through the use of lactate outside of the body, milk is separated into its more viscous and creamy form for the production of dessert products such as ice cream. Many enzymes are proteins that lower the activation energy needed to start chemical reactions that are crucial to the survival of life. Alike to other proteins enzymes undergo changes in shape based on the surrounding environment, and thus their productivity changes as well. Many factors affect the productivity of enzyme including temperature, concentration of enzyme in a reaction, and pH (Gangland 441). In this experiment the factors of concentration and pH were tested. The tests performed were done so in order to investigate the effects of pH and concentration difference on the overall productivity of lactate enzyme by measuring light absorbency levels of enzyme while changing each of the two variables over time. We will write a custom essay sample on Biology Lactase Lab Report Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Biology Lactase Lab Report Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Biology Lactase Lab Report Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It was hypothesized that as concentration of enzyme precipitate in the form of NP was increased so would the absorption levels. It was also hypothesized that if the lactate enzyme reaction took place at a pH of 5 it would have the highest absorbency level as reactions with other pH levels loud change the enzymes shape and thus decrease overall absorbency (Bunkhouses). MATERIALS METHODS: Absorbency levels of a 40% NP concentration in 5 ml were measured at wavelengths ranging from 400-600 NM by 20 NM intervals to find the optimal wavelength for testing. Absorbency levels of a pH 5 buffer and NP solution were measured at amounts of NP ranging from O to . 40 mol. A blank was made containing 20% lactate enzyme in 5 ml. In a small beaker 15 ml of pH 5 buffer and 6 ml of enzyme were mixed. To each of 5 civets, initially 1 ml of Niacin was added. As soon as 3 ml of GNP was added to the small beaker, creating a . 05 p mole concentration of NP, a timer was started and 4 ml of solution was added to the cavetti labeled 0. The first hypothesis stated that as the concentration increased so would the absorption level. According to Figure 1 such is the case where as the total concentration of NP increased, the absorption increased steadily in an all but linear fashion. This shows that an increased concentration of enzyme within a reaction, whether lactate or not, could mean increased activity and thus a better catalysis of reactants, such as lactose, into more usable product, such as glucose and calaboose (Phillips). The second hypothesis stated that the maximum absorption levels from the reaction of GNP to produce NP precipitate would be highest at a pH of 5 and decrease as a solution got farther from that optimal pH value (Bunkhouses). As shown in Figure 2 the tests acted exactly as was originally predicted. Figure 2 mainly shows that lactate enzyme has a very small window of for optimal pH, centering around 5 and decreasing drastically at a pH of 6. This shows that the bodys ability to keep pH values in the digestive tract, as well as other areas, mostly constant, is crucial to the survivability of life. If pH values are not within the optimum for an enzyme to function, it not only lowers production but also begins to unfold the proteins and thus denatures the enzyme and eventually halts the catalysis of the reaction if the pH is too far to either side of the optimum. This relates back to the rate of enzyme catalysis f lactose in the human digestive tract and how fluctuations in pH can cause issues such as lactose intolerance (Phillips). While the optimum pH range of lactate enzyme is shown to be very small, it is not the case for all enzymes. Every protein reacts differently when introduced to new surrounding environments. In some cases proteins and thus enzymes can have a large tolerance to changes in pH; such is the case with acid phosphate, an enzyme found throughout the body as well as in blood. Acid phosphate is shown to have an optimum pH ranging anywhere from 4. 9 to 6. 0 (Gangland 444). This reiterates the profound ND necessary ability to regulate pH levels throughout the different systems of the body. While both concentration of NP and the optimum pH ranges are discussed and tested in this lab, one major factor that was not observed in detail was time. The lactate enzyme catcalled the reaction and each experiment was set to run over the course of 8 minutes, one possible change that could be made would be to run the experiment for a longer period of time to see its effects on the rate of production of NP. In both Figure 2 and 3 the reaction was tested at a final time of 8 minutes, but in each of the tests it was observed that the absorption level as well as the concentration level of NP was still climbing.

Thomas Mores Utopia Essay Example

Thomas Mores Utopia Essay Example Thomas Mores Utopia Paper Thomas Mores Utopia Paper Essay Topic: Utopia Utopia Utopia, written by Sir Thomas More, is a description of a seemingly perfect society in contrast to a time and place where the wealthy were extravagant and the poor were worse than poor. England, during More’s time, (which was 1478 to 1535) was a place where the rich got richer and the poor got poorer. The Enclosure Movement that began to rise dramatically in the 1400s under England’s first Tudor king, Henry VII, had created an enormous gap between the wealthy and the poor. The vast majority of people were homeless and poverty stricken, because arable farming had decreased on huge amounts of traditional farm land and which was the only way of survival for the peasants. Vagabonds were imprisoned and thieves were hanged by the thousands. During the reign of Henry VIII, there were at least 72,000 thieves hanged (p. 15). The rich and powerful raised sheep, exported the wool for cash and became richer. In Utopia, More depicted a clear epitome of this time and, indirectly criticized England’s socioeconomical policies through a character created in the book, while reflecting his own humanistic beliefs concerning those policies. More’s, Utopia, or â€Å"perfect society,† is actually a creation of totalitarianism. However, totalitarianism, according to life in England during the Henry VIII reign, for the poor, would have been a much better life instead of one where politics, religion, and greed actually reduced the less fortunate to less than slaves. In Book I of Utopia, More described the consequences of the Enclosure Move-ment and England’s wars that created vagabonds and thieves. Speaking of the â€Å"nobility, gentry and holy men†(p. 18), More wrote that these social classes not only lived in â€Å"idleness and luxury while doing society no good†(p. 18), but, they also directly injured the peasants by enclosing land for pasture, thus, destroying homes and towns (p. 18). Furthermore, because of landowners’ greed, the former workers of the land had no where to go and became idle and were â€Å"jailed as idle vagrants† (p. 19). This enclosing has led to sharply rising food prices in many districts . . . so great numbers are forced from work to idle-ness,† wrote More. Vagrants were imprisoned, although, they were a creation of the rich and powerful, as were the soldiers who were disabled from England’s wars. Hunger stimulated thievery in the former farmers, as well as the disabled s oldiers who went back home to an England that did not support their soldiers after fighting her wars. More wrote, â€Å"it would be much better to enable every man to earn his own living, instead of being driven to the awful necessity of stealing and then dying for it† (p. 16). However, in Utopia, as More wrote, no one was hungry and everybody worked. Slothfulness was not tolerated and there was a job for everyone and everyone had to work. Agriculture was the primary occupation for need and not greed and men, as well as, women worked on the farms. Outside of the farm work, everyone learned a trade. Everyone only worked six hours a day, but because everyone had to work, their working hours provided â€Å"not only enough, but more than enough of the necessities and even conveniences of life†(p. 51). But, everyone was equal. There were no rich and poor and everyone all had the same food, clothing and housing. Private property did not exist. Utopians believed that human life was more valuable than owning material possessions. Practicality and reasoning are fundamentals that More used in his description of Utopian society. Political, religious and social structures are all practical and have a reasoning that are best beneficial to all Utopians. In the political aspect, Utopia was democratic. Any rules or laws made were for the exclusive welfare of all Utopians. Money did not exist and therefore those in government positions could not maintain or acquire power from financial superiority. Their constitution’s main goal was that â€Å"all citizens should be free to withdraw as much time as possible from the service of the body and devote themselves to the freedom and culture of the mind,† and this is where they thought the â€Å"happiness of life† existed (53). The Utopian religion that More depicted was tolerant. It was mandatory for the Utopians to accept three principles that included the belief that all human souls are immortal; humans are born for happiness by God’s grace; and, after death, there will be punishments or rewards according to vice or virtue (p. 6). One of the Utopians’ strictest rules was that no one should suffer concerning their religion and a person who fought about religion was deported or put into slavery (p. 94). Religion was based on reason and nature. â€Å"Virtue,† according to the Utopians, is defined â€Å"as living according to nature, â€Å" and â€Å"when an individual obeys the dictates of r eason in choosing one thing and avoiding another, he is following nature (p. 67). The Utopians believed it especially commendable and virtuous to help other beings in a humanistic manner than to take joy in others miseries (p. 7). The Utopian society that Thomas More created was seemingly a perfect society as an alternative to his sixteenth century world in England. Whether by nature or nurture that the Utopians would have become accustomed to the â€Å"totalitarian† ways of life, giving up their freedom for a guaranteed full stomach, a home and a life where pride and greed had no place to develop, would have been far better than the miseries of the homeless and poverty stricken in More’s real world. More’s world, where politics and religion, intertwined with ambition and power, stimulated wealthy nobles and aristocracy no matter the miseries of those they used to acquire their wealth and power. Power, such as that sought by Henry VIII in his Act of Supremacy that More refused to agree to and cost him his head. Before his beheading, Sir Thomas More did create in his Utopia, a practical and reasonable society. A perfect one is questionable. On one hand a communistic structure guaranteed that the Utopians would all be fed and have their needs, although, everyone was forced to work and would never acquire more than any other for their hard work. On the other hand, because education, religion, morals, private life and even pleasure was all controlled by the Utopian governing officials, the practical and reasonable society was a totalitarian society. The poor and miserable of England in the sixteenth century would probably have been better off in the Utopian world, although liberty was absent from the â€Å"perfect† society. I have read my paper and I did not cheat.

War as a Strategic Tool of Policy - To what extent did the outcome of Essay - 1

War as a Strategic Tool of Policy - To what extent did the outcome of the 1973 Arab-Israeli war serve the political objectives o - Essay Example The main reason behind this is the fact that politicians opt not to be too specific as they worry that if there is failure for the objectives to be attained, foreign leaders and local opponents will regard the entire exercise as a failure. Due to this, rather than being defined as measurable objectives, foreign policy objectives are defined in terms of goals or aims. Unclear and ambiguous political strategic objectives are of little or no use to operational planners.3 In terms of expression, political strategic objectives can be articulated in broad or narrow terms. Broadly articulated political objectives are most of the time applied in situations that do not involve vital national interests. Through this, it becomes easier for the political leadership to admit to a compromise without losing international reputation or domestic support. Narrowly articulated political strategic objectives on the other hand need to be comprehensively accomplished, or then the political and additional costs for the political leadership might be exorbitant. Vego asserts that â€Å"yet, in a situation where vital national interests are at stake, there is usually no choice but to fight to the finish†.4 During the 1973 Arab-Israeli war, Syria, Egypt, Israel, Palestine, Saudi Arabia and the United States, who were the principal participants in the war, had various individual political objectives. The objective of Syria and Egypt were to recover their occupied territories, which were the Sinai Peninsula and the Golan Heights region respectively. Although it did not initiate the war, Israel had the objective of preserving its national security, which was made possible by occupying the Golan Heights and Sinai Peninsula. Maintaining control of the Tiran Straits located at the Sinai region was also crucial for Israel’s economic dominance. Palestine wanted to regain its territories from the Israel Jewish majority, who had for a long time prospered, as the Palestinian minority continued to suffer, with some of them living as refugees. Saudi Arabia had the objective of defending the union of the coalition among Cairo, Damascus and Riyadh; it therefore used the oil embargo as its political instrument during the 1973 Arab-Israeli war. Through this, Saudi Arabia could pressure Israel and the west to reach a fair agreement regarding the Palestinian issue. It could also be able to restrain the United States military support to Israel, as well as balance Israel’s military dominance. The United States was also involved in this war as it came in as an assistant to Israel. Its main political objectives were to; bring about a general extinction of the Soviet Union as a superpower in the Middle East and take its position; gain a political settlement with the ability to bring about a transformation in the Arab-Israeli conflict, which would change the conflict to a small territorial one and remove it from its ideological

Western Civ Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Western Civ - Essay Example However, this failed because the powers of the Europeans were limited. The New Imperialism occurred between the periods of 1870 to 1914. This followed the increasing interests of the industrialized European nations to venture more into other nations and colonize them. The New Imperialism majorly focused on Africa as well as Asia (Canterbury, 2010). During the period of New Imperialism, these two continents were faced with several political challenges involving decline in empires as well as wars. These left them so vulnerable thereby enabling the superior nations to colonize them. New Imperialism was caused by several reasons. These causes can be categorized into economic causes, social causes and political causes (Canterbury, 2010). Economically, there was need for the superior nations to access more natural resources and exploit them from such colonies. This meant that such countries with such resources had to be colonized in order for such countries to gain access to those resources. The other economic reason that led to New Imperialism is the need to create new markets for the goods from the colonizers (Canterbury, 2010). This aimed at expanding the market bases of the colonizers thereby contributing to strong economies back in their countries of origin. The colonies were to provide this market to the colonizers thereby informing the rise of New Imperialism. The New Imperialism also arose due to the need for the growing population in the superior countries to get places for settlement (Canterbury, 2010). The population pressure back in their countries of origin forced them to colonize other countries thereby expanding their territories. This follows that as a population increases, the place to accommodate such increases become limited. Therefore, there was need to expand the territories to accommodate the increase in population. The colonizers had massive and superior weapons that aided them in conquering the

Peer Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Peer Review - Essay Example â€Å"What Tecumseh is fight for is the ability of Indian people east of the Mississippi to hold onto their homelands,† R. David Edmund, a historian, says in We Shall Remain. Tecumseh’s confederacy fought alongside the British (ICTMIN Staff, June 18, 2012, pp. 2) to protect Canada from the onslaught of American forces during the War of 1812. Tecumseh’s defeat at the battle of Thames in Canada in 1813 was the beginning of the end for Native nations. Tecumseh was mortally wounded and with his death his confederacy fell apart, as did his vision of driving back the white settlers. After the war, (ICTMIN Staff, June 18, 2012, pp. 1) the United States negotiated more than 200 treaties with Indian nations that involved ceding land and 99 of those resulted in the creation of reservations. There were also key left outs in terms reasons behind some key decisions that arose as part of the war. An example of this has to do with reasons why the British were supporting Native American in their fight. This allegation takes a larger political twist and should therefore have been elaborated further to draw correlation with some key happenings in world history as far as British and American political histories are concerned. The most memorable part is how the fall or death of the hero could become the end of his entire dream. This is memorable because that piece of phenomenon whereby political dreams and aspirations are left to rest in the hands of only some people so that when they die, their dreams fade continues to exist in modern times. In Port Angeles, Washington the Elwha Dam was removed and once the waters receded a sacred site was found. The Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe knows the area as their creation site. Oral stories have been passed down that claim the Creator blessed the Klallam people at the site and it is a place where tribal members voyaged to learn about their future (Associated Press 2012). Prior to the removal of the dam it was determined

The three main areas of non verbal communication

The three main areas of non verbal communication Personal: involves various kinds of non verbal behavior unique to one person. The meaning is also unique to the person sending the message, for example a person may laugh due to nervousness or fear ,while another may cry these responses non verbally communicate discomfort. A person might bite his nails in anticipation or walk to n fro in state of confusion.   Cultural: Characteristic of a group of people, it is learned unconsciously by observing others in the society or a group. In different cultures individuals tend to behave in a unique way according to their upbringing and culture .For example nowadays in few parts of India if a boy and girl are dating each other and they walk hand in hand, it would be a big taboo in the society whereas in the western culture its quite normal. In our culture body language plays a vital role , traditionally to welcome someone into our homes we hold our hands together and bow down our heads ,to show they are welcomed into our house and they would be treated equal to their gods . Another bright example would be , when Indians nod their head sideways as a yes it would seem as a no and use the same signal as no which in fact gets people all over the world confused. Universal :Behavior that is common to human kind. It shows happiness, sadness or deep-seated feelings .Universally speaking its accepted in all the cultures where when a person speaks in a low tone generally shows respect towards the other person and when a person speaks in a high tone of voice it usually means commanding or disrespectful in other occasions. 2.Classification of Non-verbal communications Kinesics: is the study of non-verbal communication achieved by movement of the body. Example facial expressions (mouth and eyes are the two indicators of emotion) and Posture and Gesture (movement of arms, hands head, feet and legs), winking your eye at someone would be sending out a signal of mischief or raising both your eyebrows would show that you have not understood a message or a state of confusion or it could be with the mouth, your happiness could be brought forward with a smile or a frown can clearly show your sadness. Proxemics: is the study of communication with aspects of physical distances (space) between individuals. In simple words proximity means nearness. There are lot of factors where space would play as an important factor for communication some of them are status , roles , culture, gender and age. It would be smart if an individual knows as to how much space he/she has to maintain while communicating with the other person for example it would be quite awkward to stand right in front of your boss while he/she is addressing. Haptics: Communication based on sense of touch. For example stroking, hitting ,holding , handshake  Ã‚   or patting. By sense of touch you could send variety of messages , a nice and firm hand shake would mean that the other person is really expected and welcomed, where as a   strong hand shake would definitely mean dominance .A pat on the shoulder to a male colleague would mean encouragement and the same to a female colleague would definitely mean sexual harassment these days. Oculesics: communication regarding usage of eye , its a very common thing as we as human beings judge a person at his/her first appearance and how physical appearance really matters for example when a man is meeting a woman he instantly judge her completely based on her appearance and the women too would see how the man is dressed or his shoes , this type of communication is completely based on outward appearance. Environment: it can influence the outcomes of communication and it eases up people and match their expectations be it at an office or a regular bar. For example organizations give full consideration to the office space its layout, sales area , ergonomics and many more things to create an environment where one would feel its solace and blend in. 3. A communication effectively used for decoding a message through a sender and a receiver without any use of words is known as non verbal communication, this form of communication tends to be   unconscious and often reveals the senders feeling and preferences more spontaneously and honestly   than the verbal form of communication, few examples of non verbal communication are , Facial expressions Body language Tone of voice Gestures Behaviors Every culture has its own uniqueness of non verbal communication involved in it , As for me hailing from India few of the communication methods could be effectively seen such as, Facial expressions: part of kinesics which involves communication involving expressions through mouth and eyes which indicate various emotions.In India facial expressions play an important role, one could notice it in everyday life ,for example in south of India Kerala there is a famous form of ballet / opera / dance known as kathakali which is based completely on facial expressions , in a traditional Indian family is a wife has to call her husband from a rendezvous amongst his friends , she would not call him by his name or send somebody to call him , she would partially hide behind the curtain wait till she catches his eyes and signal him to come inside. Body language: This form of non verbal communication usually involves gestures by physical ability as simple as waving your hand to bid good bye to someone which is universally known or waving both the hands to say no .As per my experience goes , every move of yours is thoroughly judged at a point of interview when u lean forward it shows you are genuinely interested and when your posture is more relaxed it clearly shows you are not paying enough attention or not interested. Tone of voice : This form of non verbal communication purely depends on an individuals intrapersonal skills, how well he/she is able to communicate , tone of voice sends out clear message   if the person on the other end is clearly appreciated or not. India has been a male dominated country right from history, so the head of the house is always the male person , An Indian wife would always speak in a low tone of voice to show respect for her spouse and her submission towards him .A son/ daughter too would behave in the same manner , speaking in high tone of voice would show utter disrespect to the head of the house. When a teacher speaks in the class no student would speak up even outside the class of school premises the student always shows respect to their teachers my maintaining a low tone of voice. Gestures : This form of non verbal communication clearly deals with gestures gestures according to the dictionary simply means A motion of the limbs or body made to express or help express thought or to emphasize speech. As India is a multi ethnic , multi cultural and a country with many religions has a varied effect on the people and their behavior. Simply to greet a relative or a close friends Muslims in our country simply hug the other person three times from right to left shoulder and then left to right shoulder where as another dominant religion Hinduism the younger person touches the feet of the elder person to seek his good will or blessings. Behaviors: According to the dictionary the very meaning explains us that it is the actions or reactions of a person or animal in response to external or internal conditions and according to ones behaviors we could clearly understand the message he/she is trying to communicate. In our culture ones character is always judged by his/her behavior, for example we personalize with everyone very easily, imagine if a cab driver is little elderly we would straight away call him uncle ,if he is comparatively younger we would call him brother .In another example just to show respect for elders whenever they walk into the room , everybody stands up and welcomes them. 4. As a HRM manager recruiting for finance manager position I would prepare myself with these following questions, Open What qualities according to you should a good finance manager posses ? Close If you are selected for this position, would you be able to join immediately ? Probing Could you narrate an incident where you have handled a crisis effectively as a finance manager ? 5.Active listening :communication at its best to help others understand the problem or a situation from an individuals point of view. An active listener has empathy with the speaker. Active listening often involves the use of confirmation ,rejection or disconfirmation. Active listening in a business environment is quite essential right for example, right from the basics of an interview the interviewer would notice how much of an active listener you are , a sign of active listening would definitely be of what we spoke of earlier , body language ,gesture and behavior. In a business setting every one has to coordinate with each other , a simple message of urgency could be passed through number of employees and if anyone of them is not paying enough of attention the would message and its meaning would change till it reaches at the other end. Imagine customer service for an instance and grieved customer calling the support team to tell about his issues regarding the product and if the representative is not actively tuned to the conversation , the whole point of customer service is lost and it would definitely leave the customer more infuriated. In a sales scenario if a customer has ordered for 30 packages and the employee has understood it as 13 , it would lead into utter chaos these factors would majorly impact the business and finally it has a bright chance of getting shut. The main factor of active listening are acknowledgment empathize clarity acknowledgment : The act of admitting or owning to something .If a person is trying to communicate a message acknowledge the fact that you have understood or comprehended verbally or non verbally (face to face situation). Empathize : accepting the emotional dimensions of a message. For ex: I understand how u feel about this ! à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Clarity : If a person is unclear in his attempt to send a message across , it is not wrong to politely ask that person to clarify his stand or repeat the sentence again .This would avoid any confusion or misunderstanding. 6.The six thinking hats concept has been designed to improve thinking effectiveness and how an individual can utilise them in negotiations are, facts and information :An individual at this stage should be gaining knowledge about the company and its payment  Ã‚   to the employees as in does it pay well or not , based on that the individual could expect. feelings and emotions :Should be able to express his/her willingness to join the team or the company , so it should seem that the candidate is genuine for the pay he/she is expecting. critical judgment :this is where the interviewers come up with the counter strategy , building up anxiety expressing things like , the market is pretty dull cant expect more   etc but as a negotiation scenario one should stand up as per the expectations. Positive: This is where an individual has to be promising , it is a situation completely opposite to critical judgment , its a reply to that hat . New ideas: It is based around the idea of provocation and thinking for the sake of identifying new possibilities. This is often carried out on critical judgment statements in order to identify how to get past the barriers or failings identified, in other words as said earlier the individual has to be promising. Big picture: This stage is where one has to rethink as to what have we done so far? and question what can we do next? In simple words just analyze the situation. All these steps would definitely help in successful negotiation. 7.Feedback we get to hear this word quite often, it simply means response to an inquiry. In todays entire business setting feedback is quite essential. It can be noticed from two different point of views from the companys and the customers perspective. Feedback has two important factors, self assessment making your own judgment about your performance and contribution to the teams work. Peer assessment receive feedback from team members. Feedback can be of two kinds positive and negative. Positive feedback is something received when a task has been completed exceptionally well and negative feedback means something has been done which is not up to the expectations and needs to be improved. A company launches a product which has never been produced by any another companies and it is quite new in the market, how would one know if the product is wanted and is in demand, the answer is feedback . When the product enters the market through a big advertising campaign customers would get attracted to it and finally buy it, if the customer wants more of it, he would order it again in this cycle we would know that the product is in demand and if it is not much in demand then the company would request the customer and enquire what lacks in that product and when the customer replies to the company about the product it would be a feedback. An employee at the same firm who has been working hard and diligently known for his work receives an appreciation, this too can be a form of feedback. This in fact could encourage the employee to sustain his performance or even improve which in fact would help the productivity in the company (positive feedback) , on the other hand if the employee is little slow and not hard working if he/she gets a notice that improvement is needed   or hard work needed then the employee would know what he needs to do (constructive feedback). Negative feedback is easy to understand it could be a termination letter. Feedback then is very important for a company if it needs to change or prosper. 8.Assertiveness meaning positive it is a kind of constructive and helpful behavior when an issue arises ,this for of communication is a way if dealing with issues if unfair use of power and gaining respect and recognition. Standing up for your rights and expressing what you believe , feel and want in direct, honest and appropriate ways that respects the right of the other person. The four steps which would help me become an effective manager are Set limits have a bottom line and be treated with respect expect to be fairly rewarded for work be comfortable with ourselves have our health and safety considered have our needs considered. Refusals: say no to requests that are unreasonable, unfair or beyond what is expected in our job without feeling guilty. Be direct ,clear and honest. Persistence or broken CD technique You have clear views and can justify your viewpoint. Making requests. Ask for what you want . Set the tone. Be relevant : communicate about what is relevant. References: Written notes and lecturer hand outs from the business communication class. www.thinkexist.com and www.freedictionary.com.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Terrain Force: Universal Invasion :: essays research papers

Captain! Sensors pick up a huge fleet of 12,596 ships they out number us 8 to 3148," Brister said in a futile voice. "Arm all weapons prepare to vent the plague throughout the universe," Kristin ordered."Enemy fleet in range," Mandalon said. "Slow to  ¼ impulse," Austin ordered. "32 ships against an armada of ships? Their stupid," Golduran said. "Magnificent valor. Tell squadrons one through fifty to attack," Austin ordered."Captain, they've crossed the minefield," Robert yelled. "Blow it. All ships prepare to engage," Kristin ordered. The mine field exploded destroying 6,250 vessels. "Lock phasers and fire!," yelled Kristen."You will pay Klingon dog," yelled Scorpius. "To the success of Austin Jarvis, the true Master of the Universe," shouted and praised Dark Specter."Austin has won!," yelled General Moff as Darth Kliptor began to torture the Romulans."Sir, I'm impressed they've really lasted so long now I believe it's time to send in the massive vessels," Golduran implied to his attention. "All ships begin the invasion," Austin ordered. The final assault began on the last of the federation fleet but the heaviest of losses came to the alliance 32 ships four destroyed and 4,471 alliance ships remaining."We are winning this War!," shouted Major Brand. "No we haven't according to this there are 6,250 more ships coming," reported Lt. Brister. "Deploy the bussard ramscoope plague. Lock quantum torpedoes," Kristen Smith ordered. The bussard ramscoops on both warp nacelle were released venting a virogen plague. "Lock and fire!," yelled Kristen. The torpedo hit expanding the plague throughout the universe and knocking the relativity back to the final days of the old universe.On Earth, "Target the sun and prepare to fire," said Eric Menasco. "Don't we can win this war!," yelled the commander Auberjonous. "We can?," Eric replied."Open fire!," Kristen yelled. The new Relativity destroyed Valtron's support ships as all federation and allies fleets made a final stand which destroyed his ship, the Alliance, and the Draak. The portal to the other universe sucked them in; Valtron, the Alliance, and finally the Draak into the abyss. "Welcome home who ever," said a voice. "This is the starship U.S.S. Relativity-A under command of Captain Kristen Smith and damn do you look ever so good," Kristen said.In the abyss, "I was defeated after two-thousand years humans out race3s the humans beat me!," Valtron said as he began to cry. "Your not alone. Valtron," said Austin. "So the Sha' Kurians were defeated as well.

Event Marketing

Let's look at some of the key advantages of the proprietary corporate event. †¢When creating a proprietary corporate event, the marketer has nearly complete control of the customer's experience with the company. You can shape the event to suit the needs of your audience — and meet your corporate sales and marketing objectives. †¢Corporate events are an excellent venue for relationship building with key customers, from end-users, to technical personnel, to purchasing officials, to senior executives.The relationship can be deepened on both sides: you get more focused selling time, and the customers provide you with more insights into their needs and business problems. †¢Corporate events are designed to allow higher level conversations than can be expected in the hustle and bustle of a trade show. †¢Customers and prospects can focus on your message, without distractions from competitors. Corporate events tend to be applied to current customer marketing, versus prospecting, for the simple reason of efficiency.For one thing, it's easier to persuade a person with whom you already have a business relationship to come to your corporate event. For another, the future value of a current customer or inquirer is much higher than that of the average unwashed prospect, which justifies the expense of creating and running a dedicated event. To get the most value from a corporate event, keep these principles in mind: †¢Consult with your target audience. In order to attract and influence them, you must first find out what works. Let their preferences and needs guide your planning. †¢Seek opportunities to defray your costs.You can ask your business partners to take sponsorships, or ask your clients to pay their own travel and hotel expenses. Some conferences even charge attendees a fee, which both qualifies their serious interest and supports the budget. †¢Corporate event management is complicated, and requires expertise and resources fro m multiple parties, inside and outside the company. So a focus on project management and team-building will enhance your likelihood of success. †¢Proprietary corporate events share many characteristics of trade shows, when it comes to marketing strategy, planning, and execution.The same rules apply about setting objectives, promotions, post-event follow up, and so forth. Treat the corporate event like a full-fledged marketing campaign, not a one-off. Event Types It's not easy to categorize events, since there is so much overlap in function and activity, but here are some of the more common types. Most of these are focused on current customers, but the last one, road shows, is designed for prospecting. User Groups The user group meeting has taken center stage in the information technology arena, but is also in wide use in other industries.Typically the company's objective with a user group is multi-fold: †¢Education about the current products in use at the account †¢Su rfacing problems and trouble shooting solutions †¢Identifying customer needs for additional products or features †¢Deepening the relationship with the customer Most companies find that the opportunity to network with other product users is one of the key benefits appreciated by attendees. Client Conferences User groups target the engineer or middle manager who actually uses the product in day-to-day business, with primarily an educational and troubleshooting objective.A client conference, on the other hand, is designed to engage a more senior managerial level, addresses more strategic issues and is often, in some respects, more sales oriented. The typical client conference pursues the following objectives: †¢Deepen the customer relationship †¢Communicate company vision, culture, and strategies †¢Cross-sell and upsell †¢Encourage networking among peers A client conference may have any of the following components: †¢Keynotes and breakout sessions â⠂¬ ¢Exhibit hall †¢Meetings with sales reps and senior executives †¢Sports event, such as a golf outing A client appreciation dinner †¢Entertainment Single-Customer Events Events focusing on a single customer can be a useful element of the corporate event marketing mix. Limited to top customers, these events can be as simple as an expanded client meeting, where the business carries on into ancillary activities like dinners or outings. Or they can be workshops, or facilitated sessions — whatever meets the sales and marketing objective. One common type of single-customer event is also known as a â€Å"vendor day,† when a large company arranges for suppliers to come in and show their wares. Educational SeminarsAn educational seminar can be an appealing way to deliver product information within a larger business context — which adds credibility and also increases access to hard-to-reach customers. Most common are daylong or half-day seminar programs t aught by a credible third party on a subject of strong business interest to your customers. If you include speakers from your own company, it's important to keep the tone of the presentation more about solving problems or sharing ideas, and less a blatant sales pitch. One of the secrets to success in seminar marketing is balancing good content with amenities.Consider this wisdom from Mark Amtower, a specialist in marketing to government buyers. Amtower conducts seminars all over the country for clients and prospects as part of his sales outreach. â€Å"The seminar content is important,† says Amtower. â€Å"But the food is how they'll judge the seminar overall. I have learned to provide great food, and plenty of it, and I get rave reviews — and new business — from my seminars. † Executive Seminars Executive seminars are intended to bring senior-level customers together for education, peer interaction, and face time with senior company representatives.Usual ly kept fairly small, repeated at regular intervals, and held in desirable locations, these events combine customer appreciation with sales opportunity. The primary hook to attract attendees is content, topics of strategic interest to senior managers. The events thus serve to position the hosting company as a partner as opposed to a vendor, a trusted resource who can be relied upon to help solve pressing business problems. Attendees appreciate the chance to learn about solutions and to network with their peers from other companies. Entertainment EventsEvents designed around social outings, or around food and drink, are most successful when linked to a specific sales objective. The attendees need to be carefully selected and qualified, since you don't want to be investing in entertaining the universe. Most companies find that entertainment events only work when they are driven by the sales team, and marketing assists in logistics and strategy. Road Shows Road shows consist of a multi -city series of meetings designed to deliver richer product information than is possible through mail or phone, but to be more efficient than solo sales calls.The road show takes the event to the market — sparing customers and prospects the need to travel. Typically, the marketer bears all the expense, and no fee is charged to attendees. The road show venue is usually a hotel meeting room, with a half-day session that includes breakfast or lunch. Because the cost per contact is fairly high, ranging from $25 to $100 or more, road shows are typically reserved for clients or prospects who are fairly far along the buying cycle. Most road shows target a customer based within driving distance from the venue.

The Preston North End Fc academy director is very busy, he is responsible for the day to day running of the academy Essays

The Preston North End Fc academy director is very busy, he is responsible for the day to day running of the academy Essays The Preston North End Fc academy director is very busy, he is responsible for the day to day running of the academy Essay The Preston North End Fc academy director is very busy, he is responsible for the day to day running of the academy Essay The Preston North End Fc academy director is very busy, he is responsible for the day to day running of the academy. He has many jobs including the sorting of kit, balls and the scouting and signing of new players. However, the most time consuming job that he has to do is write to all the players before the start of each season and before they return from the Christmas break. He currently does this by hand on paper, copying the data from his files (stored on paper). This is very boring and time consuming. There are at least 16 players in each age group and the age groups range from under 8-16s. This means a lot of letters and a lot of names to store. Another problem he has is that writing all these letters can cause a lot of mistakes that not only tarnishs his reputation but also the football clubs. I have been approached to find a solution to the problem. I will be creating a solution that can make the letters he wants in a shorter period of time and at a higher level of accuracy than his current method. I will decide on the package and type of program later. Although I know I will definitely be using a computerised solution to the problem. The advantages and disadvantages of a computerised solution are shown below Advantages 1. More accurate 2. Faster time to produce final document 3. Less Storage of information on paper 4. More professional looking 5. Faster and easier to find records on customers 6. Easier to duplicate Disadvantages 1. Cost of equipment 2. All records lost if computer is stolen or broke 3. Can be confusing As you can see the advantages far out weight the disadvantages and I think this proves a computerised solution to the problem is the best option. The best program I think I could use is a word processing package. This would be better than a spreadsheet or database package or a Desktop publishing package (For a in depth look at each package and the package I will choose see page) There are three objectives I have set myself from the start that I think will be essential to the project and system. They will also be of great benefit to the user. 1. The system must print out personalised letters automatically. 2. The letters need to show the club logo on. 3. The system needs to store information about all the players in a database type. The types of software packages I am considering for this project are 1. DTP 2. Database 3. Word Processing 4. Spreadsheet 5. Paint I will now go through each of them and look at their positive and negative points. This will help me decide which one is best to use for my project and end user. DTP (Desktop Publisher) DTP is a package which produces high quality design work e.g. leaflets, posters, flyers etc. I have considered using this package although it is very obvious it is not applicable to this project as it cannot store data in an easy to read format and is not able to produce text documents, this is not what I need so I will not be using it. Database Database packages include Lotus123 and Microsoft Works, they are very effective at storing information in fields (row and column format) but they cannot be linked to a document in the simple way my end user requires. People like the police use databases to store information on criminals. However as this type of program cannot be linked to a document it is unsuitable for my requirements. Spreadsheet Spreadsheets are similar top databases in that they store information, they have fields in the row and column format and they can do calculations. The calculations can be complex and in the formulae type. However storing data is only one requirement and not a big one. Spreadsheet packages are not suitable for writing long strands of information and therefore I will not be using this type of package. Word Processing Word Processing packages such as Microsoft Word are mainly used for writing letters and long strands of text. Some can store data that can be linked to a word document in the form of Mail Merge. The packages can include word art and picture files. This is everything my end user requires. Now I have chosen the type of package I need to use I will chose the program the options are shown below. * Notepad * Lotus123 (word) * Microsoft Word Notepad This is probably the most simple to use word processing package, it doesnt have a spell checker and doesnt have the option of using mail merge, this means it is not up to the requirements of my end user and I will not be using it. Lotus123 (Word) This is the Microsoft Word equivalent for Lotus, it has spell checker and Mail Merge but I am not as familiar with the package as I am with Microsoft word and the school Pcs dont have it. Microsoft Word This is a program I am very familiar with, it has mail merge and spell checker, it can contain picture files and I have it on my home Pc and the school Pcs. It is also the program most likely to come as standard with my end users Pc. To solve the problem I will be using Microsoft Word and in particularly Mail Merge. This will allow me to store a lot of data in a file which is linked to a word document that can be addressed to many people but made personal by inserting data into the document at certain points E.g. Age, address, name and most importantly the different times of training and dates of return to training. For more information see above. Hardware My end user will need the following hardware requirements for the system to work at its full potential. Printer-Essential to print the letters off this will need to be a fast laser printer because the numbers of copies will be around 150-200. Which will then be sent to players informing them of the relevant information. Monitor-Essential to read and view the system enough said! Keyboard-Essential to type in the information needed for the database storage and letters to players. Mouse-Will be very useful to my end user although it is not totally necessary, wil save time and make the system easier to operate. A: Drive This will enable the user to transfer data from computer to computer using a floppy disk. C: Drive Will be of use to the user in many ways. A lot of software (see below) is loaded on CD using this drive. The instillation process is mainly used through this drive as well as the running of the program. Software My end user will be using the following software packages. Microsoft Word This will be the program essential to the system. Norton Anti Virus 2003 This will help protect my end users system from viruss. Questionnaire To get the best results for my end user we had a meeting about the system, this is shown below. What do you want from your system? I want a system that can produce many different, personal letters. The letters need to be quite similar but the dates and times need to be able to changed easily as well as the information about each person. What is the most important feature your system must have? It must be able to change the named, address, and other personal details throughout the letter for each individual person. How many players do you need records for? About 150 200 Do you need a macro button to print off the copies? Dont think one is totally necessary but I wouldnt mind one if it makes it easier. What type of field will you need on the database of records? Name (first and last), address (full), age group. Thats all I can thin of at them moment. What is the full address, telephone and fax, email and website of your part of the business? 23 Merry Way Sea Haven SE4 8HV Tel 01772 458102 Fax 078 7354 7362 E-mail [emailprotected] Website -www.pne.com Will you be printing on white, A4 Paper? If not what size and what colour? Yes. Thank you Thank you Key: Blue = Me Black = End User The information I will be inputting into my work will be 1. The Club Logo-This will be obtained from the Preston website www.pne.com. (I have been given permission to use this). I will then manipulate it slightly (without changing the shape or design) in a graphics package probably Pro-Desktop. 2. The addresses of the players, the names, their telephone numbers etc. I have been given the data for this information to input into the system, the club have also given me the text to put into the letter. When a player leaves my end user will update the system. If a player changes address they will be given a data capture form which the end user will use to update the system. Processes The following processes will take place in the making of my system. * The signature will be scanned in to the final document * The club logo will be manipulated in Pro-Desktop * A macro that enables the user to click on it and print the data off * The data source will be updated * The data capture form will be made * The document and data will be merged Outputs The following outputs will be used in the system * A printer will print off the copies, if all 150-200 are needed to be printed off at the same time then a fast laser printer will be needed, this enables the user to print off many copies in a short time at a high level of quality. I will be using a fast laser colour printer because it will add to the quality of the letter. Data Flow Diagram Below is a (DFD) data flow diagram for my system. After showing my initial designs to my end user I had an interview with her, this is shown below. Are you happy with the initial designs? Yes, although I can think of a few changes What are these? The database has too many fields that are unnecessary. These fields need removing and the data capture form needs to be formatted better so I can easily read and edit information onto the database of players information. Ok thank for those pointers, are there any other things? No Any questions? No Thank you Thank you Key: Blue = Me Black = End User Having got feedback form my end user I will be making the following changes * The fields from the storage of names will be looked at to see which ones are really necessary. * The data capture form will be changed in the format style so that it is easier to look at. On the next page my initial designs are shown. These are the ones commented on above by my end user and the designs I will be making the changes to stated above. The changes I will make will be highlighted. From my initial designs things have not changed dramatically but there are a little changes that have been made, these are as follows * The field numbers have changed slightly, this was due to when showing the initial designs to my end user he was not sure that all the fields were needed. * The size of macro button (print macro) was changed after it became obvious that it was not big enough to be noticed by my end user. The rest of the system was unchanged from the initial designs. The system is shown below. I think the objectives in the project set were mostly met. I think my project definitely meets the end users requirements and the end user agrees with this (see final interview, page ). If I was to do the project again though I would make more test plans to make sure there were absolutely no mistakes. I would also have more interviews with the end user so that the system could have been made in that little bit more detail. If I were to make a critical comment on my project and to change something I would make the letters a bit jazzier, maybe some football pictures on. This was one thing suggested by the user as well (see below) My user feed back is shown below, as well as having an interview before the project started I had one after the system was finished. The results of which are shown below Are you happy with the overall project, if not why? I am very happy with all parts except the final letters, they are a little dull and boring. Are there any other features you would have liked the system to have had? No, other than the letters having a bit more colour and life in them the whole system created was excellently, thank you What are the positives from the system? Everything, especially the easy to print macro button and the easy way I could update the records by using the data capture form. What would you mark the system out of ten? Probably 9 out of 10 because the letters werent perfect. Thank you for completing the questionnaire. Thank you Key: Blue = Me Black = End User Looking at my end users comments I think they are very helpful and I understand the users idea that the letters were a bit plain and dull. If I were to do the project again I would definitely change this part of my project, I would also change the club logo a bit to add more change and style to the letters and overall system.

Referenda Election and Outcome Essay examples

Referenda Election and Outcome Essay examples Referenda: Election and Outcome Essay examples To what extent are referenda harmful to UK representative democracy? A referendum is a popular vote in which the electorate decides an issue by answering â€Å"yes† or â€Å"no† to a question. In the UK, the question is set by the government; they can make it a mandatory referendum, where they use the outcome of the referendum is usually binding, as it has been held under certain circumstances or an advisory referendum, where the government can look at the outcome, then choose whether to act with the majority, or against it. There are also pre-legislative referendums, which are held before legislation is enacted by parliament, and there are post-legislative referendums, which are held after legislation is enacted by Parliament. They are devices of direct democracy, but they do not always live up to their democratic pretensions. Referendums are seen to be a way of preventing governments from making unpopular decisions; by listening to the majority vote, it can show Parliament how they should be making their decisions and stopping governments from losing voters at the next general election. For example, the 1998 peace settlement in Northern Ireland, there was a turnout of 81%, which means that this was a very popular question set forward, with a vast mass of the public having an opinion on it; with the yes vote receiving 71.7% and the no vote receiving 28.9%. If the government had decided not to make a peace settlement with Ireland, then a small amount of people would have been satisfied with the outcome. However, they also represent the tyranny of the majority. This means that those minorities who do not feel the same way, may suffer as a result of the verdict. In the 1973 referendum to decide where Northern Ireland should remain a part of the UK, the no vote received 1.1% of the electorate. This meant that those who felt that Northern Ireland should separate from the UK ended up not receiving the outcome they desired. The UK population may be more likely to respect and conform to decisions that they have made or at least had a say in themselves. In general elections in the current representative democracy system in place in the UK, given the nature of our democracy, the public have to choose a policy, instead of making their own. This means that politicians can just make rancid decisions and expect the public to just comply. However, some issues are too complex for the public to understand, so instead of making a sound and justified decision about their beliefs, many voters just pick a choice at random, which means that there isn’t a fully valid outcome. For example, in California in 1996, there was a referendum to decide whether the state should legalise marijuana or leave it illegal. As many people just approved of the idea of legal drugs, the outcome was sound, and the state legalised marijuana. This means that whatever the outcome turns out to be, the government is undermined and it bec omes harder for the government to rule the country. Referendums allow the public to be more involved in politics, not just around the time of general elections. In general elections, voters vote on a package of issues, whereas in referendums they get to make their own choice whenever they need to. This means that people would be more educated and interested in politics, as they would be more well-informed about how the government is running the country, and not just necessarily hear about the major decisions, but also some of the minor ones as well. Conversely, people may use referendums as a verdict of the general

Business Organisation and policy report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Business Organisation and policy report - Essay Example A study by Harvard Business Review finds that companies spend over $2 trillion in acquisitions while the failure rate of M&As is between 70 to 90 percent There have been no efforts to learn why combinations fail and mergers and acquisitions continue to be mismanaged. Despite the large number of failures, executives still consider acquisition a key strategy to achieving business objectives. This investigation presents a report on why boards of directors continue to take over other firms. This would be derived through investigation of a successful and an unsuccessful merger. Exxon Corporation and Mobil Corporation, the two largest marketers of gasoline, were direct, significant and powerful competitors in at least 40 metropolitan areas from Maine to Virginia. Both these organizations competed in several products and geographic markets in the United States. This was a horizontal merger – merger of two competitors, which would result in the biggest non-government oil company in the world. There are two primary reasons of mergers and acquisitions – to boost current performance and to reinvent the business model. M&As are also driven by the need for market expansion and for product diversification. Exxon Corp. Chairman Lee R. Raymond and Mobil Corp. Chairman Lucio A. Noto were realistic in their expectations from the merger. They recognized the need to cut costs due to changes in the oil industry. In fact these were the precise reasons for the merger – changes in the oil industry and the need to cut costs. Early intentions can influence subsequent integration. Leadership has to put forward a clear and convincing rationale to people on both sides that the merger is more than a cost-cutting deal , which was done in the case of Exxon and Mobil.... There are two primary reasons of mergers and acquisitions – to boost current performance and to reinvent the business model (Christensen, Alton, Rising and Waldeck, 2011). M&As are also driven by the need for market expansion and for product diversification (Duncan and Mtar, 2006). Exxon Corp. Chairman Lee R. Raymond and Mobil Corp. Chairman Lucio A. Noto were realistic in their expectations from the merger. They recognized the need to cut costs due to changes in the oil industry. In fact these were the precise reasons for the merger – changes in the oil industry and the need to cut costs. Early intentions can influence subsequent integration. Leadership has to put forward a clear and convincing rationale to people on both sides that the merger is more than a cost-cutting deal (Baxter, 1999), which was done in the case of Exxon and Mobil. The merger of Exxon and Mobil was inspired by the merger of BP with Amoco and ARCO. They too wanted to reach the heights of the new m arket leader and they relied purely on financial analyses (Marks, Mirvis and Brajkovich, 2001). There was no strategic intent and the decisions were based on empire-building. 2.1 Speedy entry to new product/market area The most profitable part of business is this industry is oil exploration and this merger would give them a competitive edge in this activity. This merger was a response to aggressive and excessive exploration behaviour by competing major players as each of them was trying to maintain its relative standing in the industry (Krishnan, Joshi and Krishnan, 2004). This relative positioning was important because mature oligopoly was prevalent in the industry. Mergers such as this become a strategic tool to exit some players and contract the industry (Voola, 2006). Excessive capacity